Centuries before the birth of modern science, Indian sages were mapping the stars, codifying grammar, performing surgery, theorizing atomic matter, and laying out the principles of statecraft. Maharishi Baudhayana worked with geometric relationships now attributed to Pythagoras. Sushruta performed surgical procedures that Europe would not attempt for another millennium. Panini constructed a formal grammar of Sanskrit so rigorous that twentieth-century computer scientists have compared its rule system to programming languages. These were not isolated breakthroughs — they formed an interconnected intellectual tradition that ran, unbroken, from the fifteenth century BCE through the tenth century CE.
Justice S N Aggarwal profiles more than eighty Maharishis across this span in Part 1 of Bharat As VishwaGuru, moving chronologically from Maharishi Agnivesh (1500 BCE) through poets, astronomers, mathematicians, physicians, and philosophers who built the foundations of Indic civilization. The book's argument is that this tradition held its shape through centuries of invasion and upheaval precisely because its intellectual foundations were so deep.
Readers interested in reclaiming a full account of Indian intellectual history — beyond what colonial-era historiography preserved — will find in these pages a systematic, named record of who built what and when.
Their discoveries in medicine, surgery, astronomy, philosophy, yoga, mathematics, grammar and linguistics, besides their outstanding contribution to statecraft, pure science and research, based on acute insights and observations, are on a scale unparalleled in any epoch of history. Their accomplishments are even more striking, given the absence of any technology or instruments. A galaxy of towering luminaries like Ved Vyasa, Patanjali, Panini, Sushruta, Charaka, Chanakya, Varahamihira, Shankaracharya, to name a few, imbued Indic civilization with such unshakeable foundations that it has withstood thousands of years of invasions by Central Asian hordes, barbaric Muslim rulers, and rapacious European colonists, unlike Egyptian, Greco-Roman and other empires which crumbled before Islamic and Christian onslaughts. Contents MAHARISHIS BEFORE CHRISTIAN ERA 1. MAHARISHI AGNIVESH (1500 BCE) 2. MAHARISHI LAGADHA- Astronomer (lived during 1200 BCE) 3. MAHARISHI BAUDHAYANA- mathematician (c 800 BCE) 4. MAHARISHI AGASTYA- Philosopher (7th or 6th BCE) 5. MAHARISHI YASKA- Grammatician (7th to 5th century BCE) 6. MAHARISHI APASTAMBA- Dharma Sutra (800 BCE) 7. MAHARISHI PANINI- Grammarian (5th century BCE or 7th century BCE) 8. MAHARISHI GAUTAMA- NAYAYA DARSANA (Six century BCE) 9. MAHARISHI KAPILA- SANKHYA (Six century BCE to 3rd BCE.) 10. MAHARISHI PATANJALI-YOGA (Six century BCE to 3rd BCE.) 11. MAHARISHI (Vyasa) BADARAYANA- UTTAR MIMAMSA DARSANA (Between th BCE to 3rd BCE) 12. MAHARISHI JAIMINI- PURVA-MIMAMSA DARSANA (4th BCE) 13. MAHARISHI KANADA- Vaiseshika Darsana (between 6th -2nd century BCE) 14. MAHARISHI KATYAYANA Grammarian (Born c 6th to 3rd century BCE) 15. MAHARISHI SUSHRUTA- Surgery (4th Century BCE) 16. MAHARISHI CHANAKYA @ KAUTILYA- ARTHSHASTRA (4th Century BCE) 17. MAHARISHI JIVIKA KUMARABHATA (5th century BCE) 18. MAHARISHI PINGALA mathematician (4th century BCE) 19. MAHARISHI VISHNU SHARMA-Philosopher (300 BCE) 20. MAHARISHI SHALIHOTRA- veterinary (3rd century BCE) 21. MAHARISHI SPHUJIDVALA (YAVANESVARA)- Astrological (269 BCE) 22. MAHARISHI BHASA- Playwright (322-184 BCE) 23. MAHARISHI PATANJALI- Grammarian (190- 180 BCE) 24. MAHARISHI GUNADHYA- Writer (1st Century BCE) UP TO 5TH CENTURY CE 25. MAHARISHI VASUMITRA- Mahavibhasha Sastra (first century CE) 26. MAHARISHI CHARAK- medicine (2nd Century CE) 27. MAHARISHI NAGARJUNA- Philosopher (2nd century CE) 28. MAHARISHI ASHVAGHOSA- Playwright (1st century CE) 29. MAHARISHI KUMARLAT: Philosopher (1st century CE) 30. MAHARISHI NAGARJUNA (Southern India) philosopher (2nd Century CE) 31. MAHARISHI ARYADEVA- Philosopher (prior to 3rd CE) 32. MAHARISHI VATSYAYANA- Philosopher (Second or third century CE) 33. Maharishi VARARUCI OF KERALA Astronomer (early 4th century CE) 34. MAHARISHI KALIDASA- Great Poet (4th Century CE) 35. MAHARISHI VARAHAMIHIRA- Astronomer (4th century CE) 36. MAHARISHI VARARUCHI- Grammarian (4th century CE) 37. MAHARISHI AMARSIMHA- Lexicographer (4th century CE) 38. MAHARISHI DHANWANTRI- (AD 375 the Physician) 39. MAHARISH KSHAPANAKA- Astrologer (AD 375) 40. MAHARISHI SHANKU- Architect (AD 375) 41. MAHARISHI VETALA BHATTA- NITI (AD 375) 42. MAHARISHI GHATAKAPARA- Kavya (AD 375) 43. MAHARISHI ARYABHATA- SURYASIDDHANTA (5th Century CE) 44. MAHARISHI PALAKAPYA- veterinary science (2nd Century to 5th Century CE) 45. MAHARISHI SHUDRAKA- Playwright (4th century CE) 46. MAHARISHI VISHAKHADATTA- drama (4th or early 5th century) 47. MAHARISHI UPAVARSHA-Philosopher (2nd Century to 5th Century CE) 48. MAHARISHI KAMANDAKA- Philosopher (Between 3rd and 5th CE) 49. MAHARISHI DIGNAGA- philosopher (480 CE to 540 CE) BETWEEN 6th CE to 10th CE) BETWEEN 6th CE to 10th CE 50. MAHARISHI VAGBHATA- Physician (6th century CE) 51. MAHARISHI BRAHMAGUPTA- Astronomer (c 598 -670 CE) 52. MAHARISHI CHANDRAGOMIN- Scholar and poet (5th century to 6th century CE) 53. MAHARISHI VIRAHANKA Mathmatician (6th century CE) 54. MAHARISHI PRASHASTAPADA- philosopher (6th century CE) 55. MAHARISHI UDYOTAKARA- philosopher (c 7th century CE) 56. MAHARISHI BASKARACHARYA 1- Mathematician (600-680 CE) 57. MAHARISHI BANA or BANABHATTA- Classical Prose (7th Century) 58. MAHARISHI BHARAVI- poet (634 CE) 59. MAHARISHI MAGHA- Poet (c 7th century) 60. MAHARISHI BHARTRIHARI- Philosopher Poet (first half of 7th century CE) 61. MAHARISHI BHATTI- poet (7th century CE) 62. MAHARISHI LALLACHARYA- Astronomer (700 CE) 63. MAHARISHI YATIVRSABHACHARYA- Mathematician (5th century to 6th century CE) 64. MAHARISHI HARIDATTA- astronomer-mathematician (7th century CE) 65. MAHARISHI DANDIN- Literature (7th and early 8th century) 66. MAHARISHI DEVACHARYA-Astronomer (7th century CE) 67. MAHARISHI KUMARILA BHATTA- Philosopher- (8th century CE) 68. MAHARISHI MADHAVAKARA- Ayurveda (7th or 8th century CE) 69. MAHARISHI BHAVABHUTI- Sanskrit poet (first half of the eighth century) 70. MAHARISHI SRIDHARA- Mathematician (c 870-930 CE) 71. MAHARISHI SHANKARACHARYA- Established Monasteries (788-820 CE) 72. MAHARISHI DEVAL (800 to 900 CE) AND MAHARISHI MEDHATITHI (850 to 950 CE) 73. SAGE ANDAL- Poetess (8-9th Century) 74. MAHARISHI MAHAVIRA-Mathematician (810-870 CE) 75. MAHARISHI VATESVARA- Astronomer (9th century CE to 10th century CE) 76. MAHARISHI GOVINDASWAMI- Mathematical Astronomer (C. 800-850 CE) 359 77. MAHARISHI CHATURVEDA PRTHUDAKASVAMIN-grammarian (FL 850) 78. MAHARISHI MUNJALA OR MANJULA- Astronomer (FL. 932) 362 79. MAHARISHI BHATTA UTPALA-(Astronomer)- commentator (10th century CE) 80. MAHARISHI PAKSILASVAMIN VATSYAYANA- metaphysician - NYAYA 81. MAHARISHI RAJASHEKHARA- SANSKRIT POET (10th century CE)
